| Life Process | Primary Function | Key Biological Structures | Mechanism of Action | Primary Substances Involved | Variation in Plants vs. Animals | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrition | Transfer of energy source (food) from outside to inside for body maintenance and growth. | Mouth, stomach, small intestine, alimentary canal (humans), chloroplasts (plants). | Photosynthesis (autotrophs), enzyme-catalyzed breakdown and absorption (heterotrophs), peristalsis. | Carbon dioxide, water, carbohydrates (glucose), proteins, fats, enzymes (salivary amylase, pepsin, trypsin, lipase). | Plants (autotrophs) synthesize food from inorganic sources using sunlight; Animals (heterotrophs) ingest complex organic substances. | 1 |
| Respiration | Acquiring oxygen to break down food sources for cellular energy needs. | Mitochondria, nostrils, lungs, alveoli (humans), stomata (plants), gills (fish). | Simple diffusion, oxidative-reducing reactions, breathing mechanism (diaphragm and ribs). | Oxygen, glucose, pyruvate, ATP, carbon dioxide, water, haemoglobin. | Plants exchange gases via stomata and diffusion; Animals use specialized organs (lungs/gills) and respiratory pigments (haemoglobin). | 1 |
| Transportation | Carrying food, oxygen, and waste products from one part of the body to another. | Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), xylem, phloem. | Pumping (heart), double circulation, transpiration pull (xylem), osmotic pressure/ATP-driven translocation (phloem). | Blood (plasma, RBCs, platelets), lymph, water, minerals, sucrose, amino acids. | Plants use slow xylem/phloem tissues without a pump; Animals use a high-pressure muscular heart and blood circulatory system. | 1 |
| Excretion | Removal of harmful metabolic waste products from the body. | Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, nephrons (Bowman's capsule), cellular vacuoles (plants). | Filtration and selective re-absorption (humans), simple diffusion (unicellular), transpiration/shedding parts (plants). | Nitrogenous wastes (urea, uric acid), urine, carbon dioxide, water, resins, gums. | Plants store waste in vacuoles/leaves or excrete into soil; Animals use specialized excretory systems (kidneys) to filter blood. | 1 |
Welcome to our diverse and dynamic course catalog.
Orporate clients and leisure travelers has been relying on Groundlink for dependable safe, and professional chauffeured car end service in major cities across World.
