| Mineral or Energy Resource | Classification | Major Producing States or Regions | Primary Uses | Geological Occurrence | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron Ore (Magnetite) | Metallic, Ferrous | Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Jharkhand | Electrical industry (valuable for magnetic qualities), metallurgical industries | Sedimentary beds/layers | Finest iron ore, up to 70 per cent iron content, excellent magnetic qualities |
| Iron Ore (Hematite) | Metallic, Ferrous | Odisha (Mayurbhanj, Kendujhar districts), Jharkhand (Singhbhum district), Chhattisgarh (Bailadila range) | Steel making, industrial iron ore | Sedimentary beds/layers | 50-60 per cent iron content, most important industrial iron ore |
| Manganese | Metallic, Ferrous | Madhya Pradesh (33%), Maharashtra (27%), Odisha (16%), Karnataka (12%), Andhra Pradesh (10%) | Manufacturing of steel and ferro-manganese alloy, bleaching powder, insecticides, paints | Ocean beds (nodules) | 10 kg required for one tonne of steel |
| Copper | Metallic, Non-Ferrous | Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat mines), Rajasthan (Khetri mines), Jharkhand (Singhbhum) | Electrical cables, electronics, chemical industries | Veins and lodes in igneous and metamorphic rocks | Malleable, ductile, good conductor |
| Bauxite | Metallic, Non-Ferrous | Odisha (Panchpatmali in Koraput), Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh | Source of alumina/aluminium; utensils, aircraft, electrical industry | Decomposition of surface rocks; residual mass of weathered material | Clay-like substance, rich in aluminium silicates; produces lightweight, strong, conductive metal |
| Mica | Non-Metallic | Chota Nagpur plateau (Jharkhand: Koderma-Gaya-Hazaribagh), Rajasthan (Ajmer), Andhra Pradesh (Nellore) | Electric and electronic industries | Northern edge of the Chota Nagpur plateau | Splits into thin sheets; di-electric strength, low power loss, insulating, resistant to high voltage |
| Limestone | Non-Metallic, Rock Mineral | Rajasthan (22%), Madhya Pradesh (13%), Andhra Pradesh (13%), Chhattisgarh (11%), Karnataka (10%) | Cement industry, smelting iron ore in blast furnaces | Sedimentary rocks of most geological formations | Composed of calcium carbonates or calcium and magnesium carbonates |
| Coal | Energy Resource, Conventional | Damodar valley (West Bengal, Jharkhand), Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro; North Eastern states (Assam, Meghalaya) | Power generation, industrial energy, domestic needs | Sedimentary strata; Gondwana (200m years old) and Tertiary (55m years old) deposits | Abundant fossil fuel, bulky material, loses weight on use (reduced to ash) |
| Petroleum | Energy Resource, Conventional | Mumbai High, Gujarat (Ankeleshwar), Assam (Digboi, Naharkatiya) | Fuel for heat and lighting, lubricants, raw material for fertilizers and chemical industries | Anticlines and fault traps in rock formations of Tertiary age | Liquid fossil fuel; nodal industry for synthetic textiles and chemicals |
| Natural Gas | Energy Resource, Conventional | Mumbai High, Cambay basin, Krishna-Godavari basin | Power sector, industrial heating, chemical/fertilizer raw material, CNG/PNG fuel | Associated with petroleum deposits; occurs above oil | Clean energy resource, lighter than oil, transported via pipelines (HVJ pipeline) |
| Nuclear/Atomic Energy | Energy Resource, Non-Conventional | Jharkhand, Rajasthan (Aravalli ranges), Kerala (Monazite sands) | Generating electric power | Uranium and Thorium minerals | Obtained by altering the structure of atoms to release heat |
| Solar Energy | Energy Resource, Non-Conventional | Rural and remote areas of India | Electricity, cooking, water heating, environmental conservation | Sunlight (Photovoltaic technology) | Renewable, tropical advantage in India, reduces dependence on firewood |
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