| Project or Technique Name | Location or Region | Time Period | Primary Purpose | Key Features or Components | Ecological or Social Impact | Water Conservation Status (Inferred) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sardar Sarovar Dam | Narmada River (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan) | Modern | Irrigation and drought proofing | One of the largest water resource projects; covers 15 districts of Gujarat and drought-prone areas of Rajasthan | Drought proofing for Barmer and Jalore; displacement of tribal populations | Critical/Ongoing |
| Bhakra-Nangal project | Sutluj-Beas river basin | Modern (Post-Independence) | Hydel power production and irrigation | Multi-purpose dam structure | Displacement of local communities; soil salinisation due to intensive irrigation | Successfully Adapted |
| Hirakud project | Mahanadi basin (Odisha) | Modern (Post-Independence) | Flood control and water conservation | Large dam barrier across Mahanadi river | Impact on aquatic life migration; risk of sedimentation-induced floods | Successfully Adapted |
| Gendathur rooftop harvesting | Gendathur village, Mysuru (Karnataka) | Modern | Household water needs | Installed in 200 households; 80% collection efficiency; collects 50,000 litres annually per house | Village became 'rich in rainwater'; sustainable local water security | Successfully Adapted |
| Tankas (Underground tanks) | Bikaner, Phalodi, and Barmer (Rajasthan) | Ancient/Traditional | Storing drinking water (palar pani) | Connected to sloping roofs via pipes; can be as large as 6.1m deep | Drought proofing households; rooms adjoining tankas stay cool in summer | Declining (due to Indira Gandhi Canal) |
| Bamboo Drip Irrigation | Meghalaya | Ancient (200-year-old system) | Tapping stream and spring water for plants | Bamboo pipes; reduces flow to 20-80 drops per minute at root site | High water-use efficiency; minimal wastage in hilly terrain | Successfully Adapted |
| Khadins and Johads | Jaisalmer and other parts of Rajasthan | Ancient/Traditional | Agricultural moisture retention | Rain-fed storage structures that allow water to stand and moisten soil | Enables agriculture in arid/semi-arid regions | Successfully Adapted |
| Sringaverapura water harvesting system | Near Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) | Ancient (First Century B.C.) | Harvesting flood water of the river Ganga | Sophisticated hydraulic system | Efficient management of flood waters | Historical/Archaic |
| Bhopal Lake | Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) | Ancient (11th Century) | Water storage/Artificial lake | One of the largest artificial lakes of its time | Local water availability and ecosystem support | Historical/Adapted |
| Hauz Khas Tank | Delhi | 14th Century | Supplying water to Siri Fort area | Constructed by Iltutmish | Urban water supply for fort residents | Historical |
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